Filed under: important | Tags: The AFNOR Affair: Interview with Frédéric Couchet of
Q: Could you tell us a little bit about APRIL and your role in it?
Frédéric Couchet: Founded in 1996, APRIL is the main French advocacy association devoted to promote and protect Free/Libre Software. APRIL, made up of over 2000 members — individuals, companies, and organizations — is a pioneer of Free Software in France. Since 1996, it has been a major player in the field of Free Software. Its aim: making Free Software more accessible for the general public, professionals and institutions, and thus more widespread. It also acts as a watchdog on digital liberties, warning the public about the dangers of private interests keeping an exclusive stranglehold on information and knowledge. Its goals are to promote free software and open standards towards individuals, institutions and companies in the French-speaking space, to protect free software users’ and authors’ rights, and to favor knowledge sharing. I am the founder of APRIL and since 2005 I am the executive director of APRIL.
Q: I believe you had a seat on the AFNOR commission which evaluated OOXML. The abstention from the vote surprised many observers; you mentioned on your blog that this was not a consensus decision and indeed, that abstention was ruled out at a meeting on March 25th. What do you think happened?
Frédéric Couchet: The Association française de normalisation (AFNOR) is the official French standards body. It is a member of the International Organization for Standards (ISO) in which it represents France. In June 2007, AFNOR created a national standards commission concerning the standardization proposal of the format ECMA-376 Office Open XML. APRIL has participated in the work of this commission since June 2007.
Twenty or so members of the commission were present at the March 25, 2008 meeting. Unsurprisingly, no consensus was reached at the meeting. Some members wanted a Yes vote from the commission, others — the majority — wanted a No vote from the commission. As indicated in our press release, “OOXML, The Standard Adopted In Advance”, at the meeting of 25 March 2008 meant to finalize the commission’s position, all members present were unequivocally in agreement over the fact that an abstention position was not an acceptable choice.
The representatives of the General Business Directorate (DGE) and of the General Directorate for State Modernization (DGME) were clearly in favor of No at this meeting. An article which appeared on Friday, March 28, in the French business newspaper Les Échos announced by the way that France would refuse to approve the Microsoft document format. In the late afternoon of Friday the 28th, the secretary of the commission informed us by e-mail that AFNOR was awaiting “new elements of information” capable of having an impact on the finalization of the French position concerning OOXML. These “new elements of information” arrived around 9PM. It was a letter [PDF (French)] from the president of Microsoft France, Eric Boustouller [ed: see this article in Les Échos, in French], the support of Hewlett-Packard as well as the position of Patrick Durusau [PDF].
At the time of the March 25th meeting, AFNOR had already read to us a letter from the president of Microsoft France. The document sent on March 28th restated the same arguments. Patrick Durusau’s position was already known on March 25th. Only the position of HP was not necessarily known, but the support of HP was not propped up by any technical argument. Moreover the representative of HP France had never participated in the work of the AFNOR commission, despite being a member. The elements sent by Microsoft therefore did not bring any truly new element.
The change in the position of the DGE and the DGME cannot therefore be explained by the analysis of these elements. Note by the way that the two representatives of the DGE and the DGME did not participate in the debates on the commission’s mailing list after the documents sent by Microsoft were received. We learned of the change of position of the DGE and the DGME in an e-mail sent March 31, 2008 by the secretary of the standardization commission. In this e-mail he said AFNOR would abstain. He mentioned also that the DGE and the DGME had changed their position without giving us a copy of the complete text of the new position of these two structures. We therefore do not know who communicated this position.
I asked AFNOR and the representatives of the DGE and the DGME to let us know the technical arguments explaining the change in position or failing that the complete copy of the messages AFNOR received. I have not as of this date received any response. Why this change of heart at the last minute? I cannot seriously imagine that the representatives of the DGE and the DGME changed their minds on the subject. I therefore consider that these two structures acted upon instructions, perhaps by the cabinet of the Ministry of Finance (of which the DGE and the DGME are part) or even the cabinet of the President of the Republic. It’s the question I asked in the APRIL press release on OOXML:
“The representatives of the DGE and the DGME were clearly in favor of a No at the closing meeting of the Commission’s work. Why this change of heart at the last minute? The documents sent by Microsoft presenting no new element, must one conclude that the DGME and the DGE were ordered to change their mind? On whose instructions?” asks Frédéric Couchet, executive director of APRIL.
A very complete press article [French] on the AFNOR Affair, “OpenXML is standardized… the process of the French vote, less so”, leads to a response:
Within the administration, a rumor is circulating that the French reversal was dictated by the Elysian Palace, via the adviser specialized in new technologies, Franck Suplisson. “The administration’s experts held to their negative position until the last moment, March 25th. After that, it’s a black hole…” according to our source.
There is an error in the name of of the technical adviser for information and communication technologies. It should be Franck Supplisson with a double “p”. The instructions to the DGE and DGME to change their position would therefore have come directly from the Elysian Palace [President's office, ndlr]. The article is signed Reynald Flechaux, previously editor-in-chief of the magazine “Le Monde Informatique” which was a weekly publication dedicated to business and IT company executives, one can reasonably suppose he has good sources. Aside from his serial exchanges with AFNOR, did Eric Boustouller, president of Microsoft France, write to Nicolas Sarkozy as well?
Q: The French newspaper Les Echos published a letter [PDF, French] from the president of Microsoft France sent to the general director of AFNOR for transmission to commission members some 24 hours before the OOXML vote deadline. In the letter, reference is made to telephone conversations that day and contact with Microsoft headquarters. Microsoft promised to promote interoperability and maintain OOXML as a standard. Why do you think AFNOR and some commission members believe what Microsoft says?
Frédéric Couchet: AFNOR hopes in effect that ECMA and Microsoft will respect their “commitments”. Olivier Peyrat, AFNOR’s General Director, had indicated at the AFNOR press conference: “We reserve the ability to alert the market in case of inadequate behavior of certain actors.” Olivier Peyrat thinks that any after-the-fact change in Microsoft or ECMA’s position would backfire on them in the future. This argument is just plain ridiculous. A company like Microsoft couldn’t care less about this type of possible threat especially now that its format has the ISO label, which is the key thing for Microsoft.
Q: Last August there were some reports that the AFNOR commission meetings were heated. Can you tell us anything about that?
Frédéric Couchet: On August 29th 2007 the AFNOR standardization commission meeting took place with the objective of establishing the position of the commission and therefore consequently France’s position. The exchanges were stormy at some points since Marc Mossé, head of Legal and Public Affairs at Microsoft France, did everything, I thought, he could to sabotage the meeting. Marc Mossé, judging from appearances, seemed to have the very clear assignment to obtain AFNOR’s abstention. Absolutely not constructive, not very polite either, in particular with the representatives of the French administration, Marc Mossé seemed to have decided to ruin the meeting and heighten the pressure — well-known tactic to block the arrival at a consensus. But he did too much, way too much. The end was pitiful enough, notably when he accused one of the State’s representatives of serving a “banana republic”. He claimed by the way to be representing local administrations against the central administration. The resume of Marc Mossé is online but strangely, his stint at the BSA, the Business Software Alliance, is not mentioned in it. The meeting of March 25th 2008 was much more calm and cordial, perhaps because of the absence of Marc Mossé.
Q: What can you tell us, if anything, concerning the European Commission investigation of irregularities during the OOXML ISO fast track process?
Frédéric Couchet: I saw the announcement about that investigation in a Reuters dispatch but I don’t have more information. It seems that the European Commission had sent a letter to different standards bodies, but AFNOR refused to confirm or deny having received such a letter. On this subject, the journalist Bertrand Lemaire indicated in an article:
According to our sources, the European Commission sent a letter to these different bodies, asking them if they had experienced pressures. Although Frédéric Bon denied the existence of “particular” pressures, Olivier Peyrat for his part flatly refused to confirm or deny having received such a letter and, moreover, to make the slightest comment: “No comment. If there is an investigation, we will respond to the investigation. I won’t say anything else.”
In any case the members of the standardization commission are not aware of anything concerning this inquiry. AFNOR did not inform us about having received a letter from the European Commission.
Q: Microsoft says that users should have a choice of standards. According to you, is it important that there be only one ISO-approved editable document format?
Frédéric Couchet: Microsoft’s position reveals a profound disagreement on the definition and the role of standards. For users, the benefit of a standard is to have compatibility between competing products in the market. As soon as there are two or several standards for the same applications, these are no longer standards, but mere technical specifications. If there had been only one ISO-approved format, it would have been a means to relaunch competition and innovation in the office productivity market. if there are several, the situation remains the same as in the past. The existence of a dual standard doesn’t bring anything more than the absence of a standard.
Already, AFNOR and the DIN agency, the official German standardization body, are imagining harmonization projects between ODF and OOXML, and thus recognize implicitly that the coexistence of the two standards poses a problem.
Q: Hewlett-Packard announced that it supports both ODF and OOXML and echoes Microsoft’s view that there should be a choice of more than one editable document format. Did they have a role in the AFNOR decision?
Frédéric Couchet: In reality, Hewlett-Packard did not actively participate in the OOXML adoption process, for which they had neither a direct interest nor technological competence. Hewlett-Packard, in contrast to its competitors IBM (publisher of the Lotus suite) and Sun (publisher of StarOffice and sponsor of OpenOffice.org), has no experience and no activity in the field of office productivity software. Hewlett-Packard’s position was determined by the commercial links which that company maintains with Microsoft. This was particularly visible in France, in relation to AFNOR. In effect, the HP statement was brought to AFNOR by a member of the Microsoft delegation and not by an HP representative. This statement was in reality a simple link to the public page “HP Position Statement on Standardization of Office Document Formats”, which offers no technical argument.
Q: AFNOR last year recommended that OOXML be merged with ODF and even proposed a roadmap [PDF, French] to do so. Of course, Microsoft has consistently refused to support ODF natively, so it would be difficult to imagine Microsoft wishing to accomodate the existing ISO standard. Is this harmonization project stillborn?
Frédéric Couchet: Technically, this harmonization project no longer makes any sense. When Microsoft and ECMA developed OOXML, they in no way took into account the acquired experience of ODF while ODF 1.0 was already an international standard, that ODF was already published, and that certain work issues were already known. It was nevertheless an excellent situation for preparing future harmonization. The refusal to take ODF into account in the development of OOXML is proof that Microsoft is not inclined to meet halfway. Most of all, OOXML is basically conceived according to an architecture which reflects the organization of Microsoft office suites; the specifications are very heterogeneous and their separation reflects that of the Office System environment.
OOXML is therefore not easier to harmonize with ODF than the old Microsoft binary formats. The recent harmonization projects, as well as the ODF/OOXML converters sponsored by Microsoft but external to Microsoft Office, are more revealing of a seduction campaign for OOXML than a real perspective of interoperability. By the way, for the market, the only useful thing is compatibility with Microsoft Office, which means that Microsoft’s competitors will have to perform reverse engineering of the true Microsoft Office formats and won’t be able to trust the OOXML specification which is too complex and too theoretical.
Q: The ISO says that national bodies have two months to appeal the standardization decision. Do you think AFNOR would find grounds for appealing?
Frédéric Couchet: AFNOR went from a negative vote to abstention under political influence the details of which we don’t know yet. In order for there to be an appeal against the ISO decision, AFNOR would have to first be liberated from this influence and following that explain why it didn’t maintain its negative vote of 2007. It is highly unlikely that all that will happen in the timeframe of two months after the decision.
Q: The General Directorate for State Modernisation (DGME) began work a year ago, I believe, on the General Reference for Interoperability (RGI), a framework of technical recommendations for French administrations not unlike the Massachusetts Enterprise Technical Reference Model. The draft version 0.90 [PDF, French] of the RGI specifically recommends ODF. Reports published yesterday [ed: April 17 here, here, and here] refer to an internal e-mail of the DGME which proposes that the section relative to office productivity document formats should include OOXML and that the RGI should be urgently finalized now that OOXML has been approved by the ISO. What is your reaction?
Frédéric Couchet: Small correction: The DGME had in fact started work in April 2006 with a call for public comments concerning the “General Reference for Interoperability” (RGI) brought about by the Act Nr. 2005-1516 of December 8, 2005 relating to electronic exchanges between users and administrative authorities and between administrations.
This text, from its initial draft in 2006, recommended the use of the ODF format for exchanges of office productivity documents in civil services. Microsoft led an intense battle against the validation of the RGI project and its enactment. The RGI was therefore blocked for several months (from October 12th 2007, date of the last meeting of the committee in charge of validating the RGI’s enactment) without any official reason.
If the information published by the French press concerning the RGI were to be confirmed, this would be truly scandalous.
Following the ISO vote, Benoît Sibaud, president of APRIL, had already indicated that “the contents of the ‘Standard adopted in advance’ is today mostly undetermined. It will be necessary to wait several months (or more) for ‘the OOXML standard’ to be published so that Microsoft’s competitors can hope to use it.”
The ISO voting procedure has moreover been subject to irregularities in numerous countries, in particular the countries which changed their vote from No to Yes. The investigation into the procedure process, recently launched by the European Commission, should shed light on the serious irregularities, manipulations and scandals which marred the procedure. It seems urgent to me to wait before modifying the RGI text and validating it.
This new event reinforces, if it wasn’t already necessary, the absolute need for clear explanations concerning the change of direction of the French position and the role played by various actors (in particular at ministry cabinet levels). Aside from that, it is rather bizarre that France rushes to reinforce the dominant position of Microsoft, a company censured many times for its practices.
On a wider scale it is inadmissible to see applied, these past weeks in France, purely political decisions which disregard all technical reality, and the associated distortion of competition.
Q: Do you think the ISO’s reputation has been adversely affected by the events occurring during the fast-tracking of OOXML? What about AFNOR’s?
Frédéric Couchet: ISO standards were traditionally the result of compromise between competing players. With OOXML, Microsoft obtained a standard which none of its competitors had adopted. The first ISO standard in this area, Open Document Architecture (ODA, ISO 8613) was never applied. The second standard, OpenDocument Format (ODF, ISO/IEC 26300), was applied but never accepted by Microsoft. The third standard, OOXML (ISO/IEC 29500), can help Microsoft commercially with governments but brings nothing to the market in terms of convergence between competing software products, and thus has no added value as a standard.
The ISO appears then as a vendor of heterogeneous and contradictory standards, without a global objective of coherence and quality. Moreover, the incidents during the OOXML adoption process showed that the ISO decision structure and the national standards bodies (NSBs ou NBs) were very vulnerable to pressures, and that the voting result did not faithfully represent the strategic orientations of governments. The reputation of the worldwide standardization system is thus gravely compromised.
This compromising has already been denounced by Martin Bryan, the previous Convenor of JTC1/SC34/WG1, in his most recent public report. It is therefore possible that certain industrial firms or governments no longer have confidence in the ISO, or that they insist upon drastic changes. It is also possible that the ISO will be dropped by certain major players in innovation to the benefit of other organizations.
L’Affaire AFNOR: Interview avec Frédéric Couchet d’APRIL sur OOXML en France
Q: Pouvez-vous nous parler un peu sur l’APRIL et votre role dans son sein ?
Frédéric Couchet: Créée en 1996, l’APRIL est la principale association francophone dédiée à la promotion et la défense du logiciel libre. Pionnière du logiciel libre en France, l’April, constituée de plus de 2 000 membres (individus, entreprises, associations et collectivités locales), est depuis 1996 un acteur majeur de la démocratisation et de la diffusion du logiciel libre et des standards ouverts auprès du grand public, des professionnels et des institutions. Elle agit en tant que sentinelle pour les libertés numériques et veille à sensibiliser l’opinion sur les dangers d’une appropriation exclusive de l’information et du savoir par des intérêts privés. L’April a pour objectifs de promouvoir le logiciel libre et les standards ouverts auprès du grand public, des professionnels et des institutions dans l’espace francophone, de protéger les droits des auteurs et utilisateurs de logiciel libre et de favoriser le partage du savoir et des connaissances. Je suis le fondateur de l’April et depuis 2005 j’en suis le délégué général.
Q: Je crois que vous aviez siegé dans la commission de l’AFNOR qui a évalué OOXML. L’abstention du vote a surpris de nombreux observateurs; vous avez indiqué dans votre blog que cette décision n’était pas achevé par consensus et meme que l’abstention était exclu lors d’une réunion le 25 mars. Qu’est-ce que vous pensez s’est arrivée ?
Frédéric Couchet: L’Association française de normalisation (AFNOR) est l’organisme officiel français de normalisation. Il est membre de l’Organisation internationale de normalisation (ISO) auprès duquel il représente la France. L’AFNOR a créé en juin 2007 une commission de normalisation nationale concernant le projet de normalisation du format ECMA-376 Office Open XML. L’APRIL participe aux travaux de cette commission depuis juin 2007.
Une vingtaine de membres de la commission étaient présents à la réunion du 25 mars 2008. Sans surprise, aucun consensus ne s’est dégagé lors de la réunion. Des membres souhaitaient un vote OUI de la commission, d’autres — majoritaires — souhaitaient un vote NON de la commission. Comme indiqué dans notre communiqué de presse, « OOXML – la norme adoptée d’avance », lors de la réunion du 25 mars 2008 destinée à finaliser la position de la commission, tous les membres présents étaient sans équivoque d’accord sur le fait qu’une position d’abstention n’était pas un choix acceptable.
Les représentants de la Direction Générale des Entreprises (DGE) et de la Direction générale de la modernisation de l’Etat (DGME) étaient clairement en faveur du non lors de cette réunion. Un article du journal économique Les Échos paru vendredi 28 mars annonce d’ailleurs que la France va refuser de normaliser le format de document de Microsoft. Vendredi 28 mars en fin d’après-midi le secrétaire de la commission nous a informés par courriel que l’AFNOR était en attente de « nouveaux éléments d’information » susceptibles d’avoir un impact sur la finalisation de la position française concernant OOXML. Ces « nouveaux éléments d’informations » sont arrivés vers 21h. Il s’agit d’une lettre [PDF] du président de Microsoft France, Eric Boustouller (voir l’article des Échos, ndlr), un soutien de la société Hewlett-Packard ainsi que la position de Patrick Durusau [PDF].
Lors de la réunion du 25 mars l’AFNOR nous avait déjà lu une lettre du président de Microsoft France. Le document envoyé le 28 mars reprenait les mêmes arguments. La position de Patrick Durusau était déjà connue le 25 mars. Seule la position d’HP n’était pas forcément connue, mais le soutien d’HP n’est étayé par aucun argument technique. En outre le représentant d’HP France n’a jamais participé aux travaux de la commission de l’AFNOR, bien qu’il en soit membre. Les éléments envoyés par Microsoft n’apportaient donc aucun élément réellement nouveau.
Le changement de position de la DGE et la DGME ne peut donc pas s’expliquer par l’analyse de ces éléments. Notons d’ailleurs que les deux représentants de la DGE et de la DGME ne sont pas intervenus dans les débats sur la liste de discussion de la commission après la réception des documents envoyés par Microsoft. Nous avons appris le changement de position de la DGE et de la DGME par un courriel du secrétaire de la commission de normalisation envoyé le 31 mars 2008. Dans ce courriel il indique que l’AFNOR va s’abstenir. Il nous fait également part des changements de position de la DGE et de la DGME mais sans nous donner copie du texte complet de la nouvelle position de ces deux structures. On ne sait donc pas qui a communiqué cette position.
J’ai demandé à l’AFNOR et aux représentants de la DGE et de la DGME de nous faire connaître les arguments techniques expliquant le changement de position ou à défaut la copie complète des des messages que l’AFNOR a reçu. Je n’ai à ce jour reçu aucune réponse. Pourquoi ce changement d’avis de dernière minute ? Je ne peux pas sérieusement imaginer que les représentants de la DGE et de la DGME ont changé d’avis sur le sujet. J’estime donc que ces deux structures ont agi sur instructions, peut-être par le cabinet du ministère des Finances (dont dépendent la DGE et la DGME) voire même du cabinet de la présidence de la République. C’est la question que je posais dans le communiqué de presse de l’APRIL sur OOXML :
« Les représentants de la DGE et de la DGME étaient clairement en faveur du non lors de la réunion de clôture des travaux de la commission. Pourquoi ce changement d’avis de dernière minute ? Les documents envoyés par Microsoft n’apportant aucun élément nouveau, doit-on en conclure que la DGME et la DGE ont changé d’avis sur instructions ? Sur instructions de qui ? » se demande Frédéric Couchet, délégué général de l’APRIL.
Un article très complet sur l’affaire AFNOR, « OpenXML est normalisé… le processus de vote de la France, lui, l’est moins », donne une piste de réponse :
Au sein de l’administration, court la rumeur que le revirement français aurait été dicté de l’Elysée, par le conseiller spécialisé dans les nouvelles technologies, Franck Suplisson. « Les experts de l’administration ont gardé leur position négative jusqu’au dernier moment, mardi 25. Après c’est le trou noir… », reprend notre interlocuteur.
Il y a une erreur dans le nom du conseiller technique technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC), il s’agit de Franck Supplisson avec deux « p ». Les instructions de changement de position de la DGE et DGME seraient donc venues directement de l’Elysée. L’article est signé Reynald Flechaux, ancien rédacteur en chef du magazine « Le Monde Informatique », qui était un hebdomadaire dédié aux dirigeants d’affaires et d’IT, on peut donc supposer qu’il a de bonnes sources. Outre ses échanges épistolaires avec l’AFNOR, Eric Boustouller, président de Microsoft France, aurait-il écrit également à Nicolas Sarkozy ?
Q: Le journal français les Echos a publié un courrier [PDF] du president de Microsoft France envoyé au directeur général de l’AFNOR pour transmission aux membres du commission quelques 24 heures avant la date limite du vote OOXML. Dans cette lettre, on fait référence aux conversations téléphoniques ce jour-la et contact avec le sièege de Microsoft. Microsoft a promis de promouvoir l’interoperabilité et de maintenir OOXML en tant que norme. A votre avis, pourquoi AFNOR et plusieurs membres du commission croient ce qui dit Microsoft ?
Frédéric Couchet: L’AFNOR espère effectivement que l’ECMA et Microsoft vont respecter leurs « engagements ». Olivier Peyrat, le directeur général de l’AFNOR, aurait indiqué lors de la conférence de presse de l’AFNOR : « Nous gardons la capacité d’alerter le marché en cas de comportement inadéquat de certains acteurs ». Olivier Peyrat pense que tout changement ultérieur de position de Microsoft et l’ECMA « grillerait » les intéressés dans le futur. Cet argument est tout simplement ridicule. Une société comme Microsoft n’a que faire de ce genre de menace éventuelle surtout maintenant que son format a la label ISO, ce qui est l’essentiel pour Microsoft.
Q: En août dernier il y avait des indications que les réunions de la commission de l’AFNOR étaient chaudes, pouvez-vous nous parler a ce sujet ?
Frédéric Couchet: Le 29 août 2007 avait eu lieu la réunion de la commission de normalisation de l’AFNOR avec pour objectif d’établir la position de la commission et donc par conséquence celle de la France. Les échanges ont été assez houleux par moments car Marc Mossé, Directeur des Affaires Juridiques et Publiques de Microsoft France, avait tout fait pour saboter la réunion. Marc Mossé avait visiblement pour mission très claire d’obtenir une abstention de l’AFNOR. Absolument pas constructif, pas très poli non plus, notamment avec les représentants de l’administration française, Marc Mossé avait clairement décidé de pourrir la réunion et de faire monter la pression. Tactique connue pour empêcher d’arriver à un consensus. Mais il en faisait trop, beaucoup trop. Le final était assez pitoyable, notamment lorsqu’il a accusé l’un des représentants de l’Etat de servir une « république bananière ». Il prétendait d’ailleurs représenter les collectivités locales face à l’administration centrale.
Le CV de Marc Mossé est en ligne mais bizarrement son passage à la BSA, la Business Software Alliance, n’y est pas mentionné. La réunion du 25 mars 2008 a été beaucoup plus calme et cordiale. L’absence de Marc Mossé y est peut-être pour quelque chose.
Q: Que pouvez-vous nous dire concernant l’enquête de la Commission Européene sur des irregularités pendant le processus « fast track » de OOXML a l’ISO ?
Frédéric Couchet: J’ai vu l’annonce de cette enquête dans une dépêche Reuters mais je n’ai pas plus d’information. Il semblerait que la Commission Européenne ait envoyé un courrier à différents organismes de normalisation, mais l’AFNOR a refusé de confirmer ou d’infirmer la réception d’une telle lettre. Le journaliste Bertrand Lemaire indique à ce propos dans un article :
Selon nos informations, la Commission Européenne aurait envoyé un courrier à ces différents organismes pour leur demander s’ils avaient subi des pressions. Si Frédéric Bon a nié l’existence de pressions « particulières », Olivier Peyrat a, quant à lui, très sèchement refusé de confirmer ou d’infirmer la réception de cette lettre et, plus encore, d’apporter le moindre commentaire : « Aucun commentaire. S’il y a enquête, nous répondrons à l’enquête. Je n’en dirai pas plus ».
En tout cas les membres de la commission de normalisation se sont au courant de rien concernant cette enquête. L’AFNOR ne nous a pas informé avoir reçu un courrier de la commission européenne.
Q: Microsoft dit que les utilisateurs doivent disposer d’un choix de normes. D’après vous, est-il important qu’il existe qu’un seul format de saisie de documents approuvé par l’ISO ?
Frédéric Couchet: La position de Microsoft démontre un désaccord fondamental sur la définition et le rôle des normes. L’intérêt d’une norme pour les utilisateurs est de permettre la compatibilité entre les produits concurrents sur le marché. Dès lors qu’il y a deux ou plusieurs normes pour les mêmes applications, ce ne sont plus des normes, ce sont de simples spécifications techniques. S’il n’y avait qu’un seul format approuvé par l’ISO, ce serait un moyen de relancer la compétition et l’innovation sur le marché des logiciels bureautiques. S’il y en a plusieurs, la situation reste la même que par le passé. L’existence d’une double norme n’apporte rien de plus que l’absence de norme.
Déjà, les agences AFNOR et DIN, l’organisme officiel allemand de normalisation, sont en train d’imaginer des projets d’harmonisation entre ODF et OOXML, et reconnaissent donc implicitement que la cohabitation des deux normes pose un problème.
Q: Hewlett-Packard a annoncé qu’il soutient a la fois ODF et OOXML et répété le point de vue de Microsoft qu’il doit y avoir un choix de plus d’un format de saisie de documents. Ont-ils joué une role dans la décision de l’AFNOR ?
Frédéric Couchet: En réalité, Hewlett-Packard n’a pas activement participé au processus d’adoption d’OOXML, pour lequel il n’avait ni intérêt direct ni compétence technologique. Hewlett-Packard, à la différence de ses concurrents IBM (éditeur de la gamme Lotus) et Sun (éditeur de StarOffice et sponsor d’OpenOffice.org), n’a aucune expérience et aucune activité dans le domaine des logiciels bureautiques. La position de Hewlett-Packard a été déterminée par les liens commerciaux qu’entretient cette société avec Microsoft. Cela a été particulièrement visible en France, auprès de l’AFNOR. En effet, la déclaration de HP a été rapportée à l’AFNOR par un membre de la délégation de Microsoft et non par un représentant de HP. Cette déclaration était en réalité un simple lien vers la page publique « HP Position Statement on Standardization of Office Document Formats », qui ne présente aucun argument technique.
Q: L’année derniere, l’AFNOR a recommandé que OOXML soit fusionné avec ODF et a même proposé un carnet de route [PDF] pour ce faire. Bien entendu, Microsoft a systématiquement refusé de soutenir ODF en natif, ce sera donc difficile d’imaginer Microsoft voulant accomoder la norme ISO existant. Est-ce que ce projet d’harmonisation est mort-né ?
Frédéric Couchet: Techniquement, ce projet d’harmonisation n’a plus aucun sens. Lorsque Microsoft et l’ECMA ont développé OOXML, ils n’ont tenu aucun compte des acquis d’ODF alors que ODF 1.0 était déjà un standard international, que ODF 1.1 était déjà publié, et que certains travaux d’ODF 1.2 étaient déjà connus. C’était pourtant une excellente occasion de préparer une harmonisation future. Le refus de tenir compte d’ODF dans le développement d’OOXML est une preuve que Microsoft n’est pas disposé à faire une partie du chemin. Surtout, OOXML est conçu à la base selon une architecture qui reflète l’organisation des suites bureautiques Microsoft ; les spécifications sont très hétérogènes et leur découpage reflète celui de l’environnement Office System.
OOXML n’est donc pas plus facile à harmoniser avec ODF que les anciens formats binaires Microsoft. Les actuels projets d’harmonisation, de même que les convertisseurs ODF/OOXML sponsorisés par Microsoft mais extérieurs à Microsoft Office, révèlent plutôt une opération de séduction pour OOXML qu’une réelle perspective d’interopérabilité. D’ailleurs, pour le marché, seule la compatibilité avec Microsoft Office est utile, ce qui veut dire que les concurrents de Microsoft devront faire un reverse engineering des vrais formats Microsoft Office, et ne pourront pas faire confiance à la spécification OOXML, trop complexe et trop théorique.
Q: L’ISO dit que les organismes de normalisation ont deux mois pour faire appel a la décision de standardisation. Pensez-vous que l’AFNOR pourrait trouver des raisons pour loger un appel ?
Frédéric Couchet: L’AFNOR est passé du vote négatif à l’abstention par l’effet d’une influence politique dont nous ne connaissons pas encore tous les détails. Pour qu’il y ait un appel contre la décision de l’ISO, l’AFNOR devrait d’abord être libérée de cette influence et ensuite expliquer pourquoi elle n’a pas maintenu son vote négatif de 2007. Il est peu probable que tout cela se produise dans le délai de deux mois après la décision.
Q: La Direction Générale de la Modernisation de l’Etat (DGME) a démarré il y a un an je crois les travaux sur la référentiel général d’interopérabilité (RGI), un cadre de recommandations techniques pour les administrations françaises comparable à l’Enterprise Technical Reference Model de Massachusetts. La version 0.90 de la RGI [PDF] préconise ODF explicitement. Des articles parues hier [17 avril : voir ici, ici, et ici, ndlr] font référence à un courriel interne de la DGME qui propose que la section relatif aux formats de document bureautique doit inclure l’OOXML et que la RGI doit être finalisé rapidement maintenant que OOXML a été approuvé par l’ISO. Quelle est votre réaction ?
Frédéric Couchet: Petite précision : La DGME avait en fait démarré les travaux en avril 2006 par un appel à commentaires public concernant le « Référentiel Général d’Interopérabilité » (RGI) induit par l’Ordonnance nº 2005-1516 du 8 décembre 2005 relative aux échanges électroniques entre les usagers et les autorités administratives et entre les autorités administratives.
Ce texte, depuis sa rédaction initiale de 2006, préconisait l’emploi du format ODF pour les échanges de documents bureautiques dans les services publics. Microsoft a mené une bataille intensive pour que le projet de RGI ne soit pas validé et que celui-ci n’entre officiellement en vigueur. Le RGI était donc bloqué depuis plusieurs mois (depuis le 12 octobre 2007, date de la dernière réunion du comité chargé de statuer sur le RGI) sans raison officielle.
Si les informations, publiées par la presse française, concernant le RGI venaient a être confirmées ce serait proprement scandaleux.
Suite au vote de l’ISO, Benoît Sibaud, président de l’April avait déjà indiqué que « Le contenu de la “norme adoptée d’avance” est aujourd’hui largement indéterminé. Il faudra attendre quelques mois (ou plus) pour que “la norme OOXML” soit publiée et que des concurrents de Microsoft puissent espérer l’utiliser. »
La procédure de vote à l’ISO a en outre fait l’objet d’irrégularités dans de nombreux pays, notamment les pays ayant changé leur vote de non en oui. L’enquête sur le déroulement de la procédure, lancée récemment par la Commission Européenne, devra faire la lumière sur les sérieuses irrégularités, manipulations et scandales qui ont émaillé la procédure. Il me paraît donc urgent d’attendre avant de modifier le texte du RGI et de le valider.
Ce nouvel évènement renforce, si ce n’était nécessaire, l’absolu besoin d’explications claires sur le revirement de la position française et le rôle joué par les différents acteurs (notamment au niveau des cabinets ministériels). Il est d’ailleurs assez étrange que la France se précipite pour conforter la position dominante de la société Microsoft maintes fois condamnée pour ses pratiques.
Plus globalement il est inadmissible de voir s’appliquer depuis quelques semaines en France des décisions purement politiques, qui font abstraction de toute réalité technique et de la distortion de concurrence associée.
Q: Pensez-vous que la réputation de l’ISO a été impacté de façon négative par les événements pendant le « fast-tracking » de l’OOXML ? Et quid de l’AFNOR ?
Frédéric Couchet: Les standards de l’ISO résultaient traditionnellement de compromis entre des acteurs concurrents. Avec OOXML, Microsoft a obtenu un standard auquel aucun de ses concurrents n’a adhéré. Le premier standard ISO dans ce domaine, Open Document Architecture (ODA, ISO 8613) n’avait jamais été appliqué. Le second standard, OpenDocument Format (ODF, ISO/IEC 26300) a été appliqué mais jamais accepté par Microsoft. Le troisième standard, OOXML (ISO/IEC 29500), peut aider commercialement Microsoft auprès des gouvernements mais n’apporte rien au marché en termes de convergence entre logiciels concurrents, donc n’a pas de valeur ajoutée en tant que standard.
L’ISO apparaît donc comme un vendeur de standards hétérogènes et contradictoires, sans objectif global de cohérence et de qualité. De plus, les incidents du processus d’adoption d’OOXML ont montré que la structure de décision de l’ISO et des organismes nationaux de standardisation (NSBs ou NBs) était très vulnérable aux pressions, et que le résultat des votes ne réflétait pas fidèlement les orientations stratégiques des gouvernements. La réputation du système mondial de standardisation et de ses composantes nationales (dont l’AFNOR) est donc gravement compromise.
Cette compromission a déjà été dénoncée par Martin Bryan, ancien Convenor du JTC1/SC34/WG1, dans son dernier rapport public. Il est donc possible que certains industriels ou certains gouvernements n’accordent plus leur confiance à l’ISO, ou qu’ils exigent des changements drastiques. Il est possible également que l’ISO soit délaissé par certains acteurs majeurs de l’innovation au profit d’autres organisations.
Filed under: AT&T Layoffs Intended to Grow Broadband Biz, business · wireless · AT&T DSL Service | Tags: AT&T Layoffs Intended to Grow Broadband Biz, business · wireless · AT&T DSL Service
The company is moving employees around to focus on wireless and broadband growth
AT&T has announced that it will be laying off over one percent of its workforce this year. However, the company will also be hiring new employees in its growing areas of business which are primarily in the broadband and wireless sectors of the company. Overall, AT&T expects to retain as many employees as before but to shift the placement of those employees to reflect the company’s changes in focus. They also say that the changes should improve customer service.
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Filed under: Stan Lee Joins Forces with Virgin Comics | Tags: comic con, Comics, design, devarajan, fantastic four, hulk, Innovation, Iron Man, Joins Forces, Marvel, new york, richard branson, spiderman, Stan Lee, superhero, virgin comics, with Virgin
Stan Lee, the mastermind behind Spider-Man, the X-Men, the Fantastic Four, the Hulk, Iron Man and many others is to be in charge of Branson bankrolled Virgin Comics’ new line of superheroes.
The LA Times broke the news this morning, revealing that the 85 year old Lee will work on a superhero team that is possibly similar to his work on the Avengers at Marvel.
Since its inception Virgin Comics has stayed largely away from traditional superheroes — in fact in an interview with Fast Company about a year ago, editor Ron Marz revealed that the company harbors strong reservations about the superhero genre. “Marvel and DC print lots of superhero based comic books that are consumed in mass quantities in the United States. There is very little genre material. Superheroes really don’t do that well in global markets,” he told me. “The American comic market is dominated by superheroes — companies like Marvel and DC rule the roost and people don’t want third generation knockoffs. The American comic book market is so restricted: when people hear about ‘comics’ they immediately think of superheroes, rather than seeing them as merely one way to tell a story,” said Marz.
Now that Stan Lee is their flag bearer, Virgin is clearly singing a different tune.
Lee, who recently receive the inaugural New York Comics Legend Award at an event at the Virgin Megastore in Times Square,.can now be added to Virgin Comics’ slew of celebrity names – the company has recruited filmmakers Guy Ritchie, Terry Gilliam and John Woo, actor Nicolas Cage and musician Dave Stewart.
“We could not be more excited about creating a whole new universe with Stan Lee,” said CEO of Virgin Comics, Sharad Devarajan, in an interview with the LA Times. “His presence and the tremendous respect people have for him will be a call to action for writers and artists.”
“Over and above being just a name, a celebrity is a brand. Tapping into existing brands… is one way to compete in a superhero dominated world,” Devarajan told Fast Company last year. With the backing of one of the biggest brands in the comic book world, Virgin has certainly turned the competition up several notches.
Filed under: The complete genome, comparative and functional analysis of Stenotrophomonas | Tags: Aki Okazaki, Angela Lord, Arnaud Kerhornou, Carol Churcher, Claire Arrowsmith, comparative and functional analysis of Stenotrophomonas, David Harris, David Saunders, Ellen Adlem, Georgios S Vernikos, J. Maxwell Dow, Julian Parkhill, Katharine Seeger, Lee Murphy, Lisa C Crossman, Marie-Adele Rajandream, Michael A Quail, Mohammed Sebaihia, Nicholas Peters, Nicholas R Thomson and Matthew B Avison, Robert Squares, Simon Rutter, Stephen D Bentley, The complete genome, Tim Carver, Virginia C Gould
Abstract (provisional)
Background
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a nosocomial opportunistic pathogen of the Xanthomonadaceae. The organism has been isolated from both clinical and soil environments in addition to the sputum of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and the immunocompromised. Whilst relatively distant phylogenetically, the closest sequenced relatives of S. maltophilia are the plant pathogenic xanthomonads.
Results
The genome of the bacteraemia-associated isolate S. maltophilia K279a, is 4,851,126 bp and of high G+C content. The sequence reveals an organism with a remarkable capacity for drug and heavy metal resistance. In addition to a number of genes conferring resistance to antimicrobial drugs of different classes via alternative mechanisms, nine resistance-nodulation-division (RND)-type putative antimicrobial efflux systems are present. Functional genomic analysis confirms a role in drug resistance for several of the novel RND efflux pumps. S. maltophilia possesses potentially mobile regions of DNA and encodes a number of pili and fimbriae likely to be involved in adhesion and biofilm formation that may also contribute to increased antimicrobial drug resistance.
Conclusions
The panoply of antimicrobial drug resistance genes and mobile genetic elements found suggests that the organism can act as a reservoir of antimicrobial drug resistance determinants in a clinical environment, which is an issue of considerable concern.
Filed under: China added to space debris | Tags: China added to space debris
Los Angeles Times: A successful Chinese missile test last year that destroyed one of China’s own aging satellites has substantially added to space debris around Earth, increasing the danger that a chain reaction of colliding space junk could threaten parts of the world’s satellite network, scientists said Tuesday.
The threat is that debris could begin slamming into other debris, creating a cascading effect called supercriticality, according to scientists addressing the American Physical Society conference here this week.
“Debris in space is already a problem,” said David Wright, a senior scientist with the Union of Concerned Scientists in Cambridge, Mass. “But it’s potentially a very big problem.”
>Geoffrey Forden, an MIT physicist and expert on the Chinese space program, said the danger from space debris was actually more of a worry than the threat that the Chinese, or some other country, could intentionally cripple American space assets with antisatellite weapons.
According to Wright, the Chinese shoot-down on Jan. 11, 2007, added more than 2 million pieces of debris in low-Earth orbit, where most satellites are located.
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Filed under: TINY TREMORS CAN TRACK EXTREME STORMS IN A WARMING PLAN | Tags: TINY TREMORS CAN TRACK EXTREME STORMS IN A WARMING PLAN
Data from faint earth tremors caused by wind-driven ocean waves – often dismissed as “background noise” at seismographic stations around the world – suggest extreme ocean storms have become more frequent over the past three decades, according to research presented at the annual meeting of the Seismological Society of America.
The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and other prominent researchers have predicted that stronger and more frequent storms may occur as a result of global warming trends. The tiny tremors, or microseisms, offer a new way to discover whether these predictions are already coming true, said Richard Aster, a geophysics professor at the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology.
Unceasing as the ocean waves that trigger them, the microseisms show up as five- to 30-second oscillations of Earth’s surface at seismographic stations around the world. Even seismic monitoring stations “in the middle of a continent are sensitive to the waves crashing all around the continent,” Aster said.
As storm winds drive ocean waves higher, the microseism signals increase their amplitude as well, offering a unique way to track storm intensities across seasons, over time, and at different geographical locations. For instance, Aster and colleagues Daniel McNamara from the U.S. Geological Survey and Peter Bromirski of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography recently published analysis in the Seismological Society of America journal Seismological Research Letters showing that microseism data collected around the Pacific Basin and throughout the world could be used to detect and quantify wave activity from multi-year events such as the El Niño and La Niña ocean disruptions.
The findings spurred them to look for a microseism signal that would reveal whether extreme storms were becoming more common in a warming world. In fact, they saw “a remarkable thing,” among the worldwide microseism data collected from 1972 to 2008, Aster recalled. In 22 of the 22 stations included in the study, the number of extreme storm events had increased over time, they found.
While the work on evaluating changes in extreme storms is “still very much in its early stages,” Aster is “hoping that the study will offer a much more global look” at the effects of climate change on extreme storms and the wind-driven waves that they produce. At the moment, most of the evidence linking the two comes from studies of hurricane intensity and shoreline erosion in specific regions such as the Pacific Northwest Gulf of Mexico, he noted.
The researchers are also working on recovering and digitizing older microseism records, potentially creating a data set that stretches back to the 1930s. Aster praised the work of the long-term observatories that have collected the records, calling them a good example of the “Cinderella science” – unloved and overlooked – that often support significant discoveries.
“It’s absolutely great data on the state of the planet. We took a prosaic time series, and found something very interesting in it,” he said.
##
Contact:
Nan Broadbent
Seismological Society of America
408-431-9885
press@seismosoc.org
Filed under: Advanced Energy Research Organization (AERO), Inc. | Tags: Advanced Energy Research Organization (AERO), energy, free, Inc., technology
Advanced Energy Research Organization (AERO), Inc. is a new research and development group formed to develop and strategically protect new energy and propulsion technologies. It is our goal, utilizing a unique strategic approach, to bring forth these new environmentally sound technologies to replace virtually all fossil fuel, internal combustion and ionizing nuclear technologies within 20-30 years.
“Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed people can change the world; indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.”
Latest News
- <!–
- January 19, 2008 – AERO announces new job opportunity for security personnel. See the job posting for more information.
- March 17, 2008 – Announcing: The Orion Project
- December 3, 2007 – AERO CEO Dr. Steven Greer was interviewed by Sterling Allan on his “Free Energy Now” radio program. Listen to the Archived Interview
. - November 1, 2007 – AERO Announces award program offering $200,000 up-front and $5 million minimum two year royalty for working, replicatable device.
- August 20, 2007 – AERO CEO Dr. Steven Greer gave a presentation in Bethesda, Maryland, at a meeting to review advanced energy and related technologies. Watch his and the other presentations at Green Salon. (Updated August 23, 2007)
- March 13, 2007 – AERO CEO Dr. Steven Greer was interviewed by Ken Rasmussen on his “Commute Faster Energy Hour” radio program. Listen to the archived interview at Blog Talk Radio. (Updated March 13, 2007)
- October 31, 2005 – AERO CEO Dr. Steven Greer was interviewed by Tim Ventura of American Antigravity. Listen to the archived interview at American Antigravity. (Updated November 2, 2005)
- October 28, 2005 – AERO CEO Dr. Steven Greer was a guest on the Science Detective Show on internet Radio Station NHCWX, at 6 pm PDT (9 pm EDT). (Updated November 2, 2005)
- October 20, 2005 – AERO CEO Dr. Steven Greer was a guest on the Sweeps Fox Radio Show based in Ireland, at 9:30 am PDT (12:30 pm EDT). Listen to the archived interview. (Updated October 26, 2005)
- October 14, 2005 – AERO CEO Dr. Steven Greer’s interview with Jean-Noel Bassior published in the November 2005 issue of Hustler magazine.
- September 28, 2005 – AERO CEO Dr. Steven Greer was a guest on the Conscious Living show on Voice America radio. Click here to listen or download the MP3 file (8 MegaBytes). Please save the file onto your computer and listen offline. (right click and Save Target)
- October 28, 2004 – AERO CEO Dr. Steven Greer was a guest on Coast to Coast AM Radio with George Noory. Read the Transcript Here.
- October 25, 2004 – Vancouver Co-Op Radio Show – Several of the talks from the September 25-26 2004 Portland Oregon Conference “New Energy: The Courage to Change”, including Dr. Steven Greer’s, were broadcast on Vancouver Co-Op Radio on Oct. 25, 2004. Click here to listen to the archived program. (or right click and Save to your computer)
- August 8, 2004 – AERO CEO Dr. Steven Greer was a guest on Coast to Coast AM Radio with Art Bell. Read the Transcript Here.
- May 19, 2004 – Eugene Mallove – Reactions to his passing.
- March 26, 2004 – Going Tactical – New Paper by Steven M. Greer, MD
- December 12, 2003 – Disclosure Project Announces New Energy Disclosure Initiative
- December 7, 2003 – AERO CEO Dr. Steven Greer was a guest on Coast to Coast AM Radio with Art Bell. Topic: Energy Update.
- Read the Transcript Here
- Listen to the audio recording here (Windows Media Player file – To save the file to your computer, right click on the link and select “Save Target As”.)
- August 14, 2003 – Dr. Ted Loder Interviewed by EV World (www.EVworld.com) – [Real One Player format -- Download Real One Player Software free at http://www.real.com] – Please save the files onto your computer and listen offline:
- July 18, 2003 – Letter to Promising Inventors, re: R and D Program
- April 15, 2003 – SEAS Update 04-15-03
- January 31, 2003 – Listen here to Dr. Greer on George Noory Radio Show Announcement of promising new energy device found. [Windows Media Player format - about 35 minutes]
- Read the full transcript or
- Read excerpts from the transcript
–>
Filed under: "3.0", U.S. Senate Report: Over 400 Prominent Scientists Dispu | Tags: U.S. Senate Report: Over 400 Prominent Scientists Dispu
Senate Report Debunks ”Consensus”
Complete U.S. Senate Report Now Available: (LINK) Complete Report w/out Intro: (LINK)
UPDATE: Former Vice President Al Gore responds to Senate report within hours of release. (LINK) UPDATE: 2/22/08: Senate report impacting climate debate. Sampling of international coverage of report: UK Telegraph; Boston Herald; Canada’s National Post; New York Times; Fox News; CNNMoney.com; Human Events; Croatia’s Javno; The Cincinnati Enquirer; WorldNetDaily.com; United Press International (UPI); Spero News; New Zealand Herald; CNSNews.com; Real Clear Politics; PA’s Morning Call; Investor’s Business Daily; Philippine’s Manila Standard; Colorado Springs Gazette; Canada Free Press; Belfast Telegraph; Newsmax.com; CA’s Orange County Register; Nashua Telegraph; Yahoo News; & Australia’s Herald Sun; UPDATE: IMPACT: Scientist ponders reconsidering his view of man-made climate fears after Senate report of 400 scientists (LINK)INTRODUCTION:
Over 400 prominent scientists from more than two dozen countries recently voiced significant objections to major aspects of the so-called “consensus” on man-made global warming. These scientists, many of whom are current and former participants in the UN IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), criticized the climate claims made by the UN IPCC and former Vice President Al Gore.
The new report issued by the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee’s office of the GOP Ranking Member details the views of the scientists, the overwhelming majority of whom spoke out in 2007.
Even some in the establishment media now appear to be taking notice of the growing number of skeptical scientists. In October, the Washington Post Staff Writer Juliet Eilperin conceded the obvious, writing that climate skeptics “appear to be expanding rather than shrinking.” Many scientists from around the world have dubbed 2007 as the year man-made global warming fears “bite the dust.” (LINK) In addition, many scientists who are also progressive environmentalists believe climate fear promotion has ”co-opted” the green movement. (LINK)
This blockbuster Senate report lists the scientists by name, country of residence, and academic/institutional affiliation. It also features their own words, biographies, and weblinks to their peer reviewed studies and original source materials as gathered from public statements, various news outlets, and websites in 2007. This new “consensus busters” report is poised to redefine the debate.
Many of the scientists featured in this report consistently stated that numerous colleagues shared their views, but they will not speak out publicly for fear of retribution. Atmospheric scientist Dr. Nathan Paldor, Professor of Dynamical Meteorology and Physical Oceanography at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, author of almost 70 peer-reviewed studies, explains how many of his fellow scientists have been intimidated.
“Many of my colleagues with whom I spoke share these views and report on their inability to publish their skepticism in the scientific or public media,” Paldor wrote. [Note: See also July 2007 Senate report detailing how skeptical scientists have faced threats and intimidation - LINK ]
Scientists from Around the World Dissent
This new report details how teams of international scientists are dissenting from the UN IPCC’s view of climate science. In such nations as Germany, Brazil, the Netherlands, Russia, Argentina, New Zealand and France, nations, scientists banded together in 2007 to oppose climate alarmism. In addition, over 100 prominent international scientists sent an open letter in December 2007 to the UN stating attempts to control climate were “futile.” (LINK)
Paleoclimatologist Dr. Tim Patterson, professor in the department of Earth Sciences at Carleton University in Ottawa, recently converted from a believer in man-made climate change to a skeptic. Patterson noted that the notion of a “consensus” of scientists aligned with the UN IPCC or former Vice President Al Gore is false. “I was at the Geological Society of America meeting in Philadelphia in the fall and I would say that people with my opinion were probably in the majority.”
This new committee report, a first of its kind, comes after the UN IPCC chairman Rajendra Pachauri implied that there were only “about a dozen” skeptical scientists left in the world. (LINK) Former Vice President Gore has claimed that scientists skeptical of climate change are akin to “flat Earth society members” and similar in number to those who “believe the moon landing was actually staged in a movie lot in Arizona.” (LINK) & (LINK)
The distinguished scientists featured in this new report are experts in diverse fields, including: climatology; geology; biology; glaciology; biogeography; meteorology; oceanography; economics; chemistry; mathematics; environmental sciences; engineering; physics and paleoclimatology. Some of those profiled have won Nobel Prizes for their outstanding contribution to their field of expertise and many shared a portion of the UN IPCC Nobel Peace Prize with Vice President Gore.
Additionally, these scientists hail from prestigious institutions worldwide, including: Harvard University; NASA; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR); Massachusetts Institute of Technology; the UN IPCC; the Danish National Space Center; U.S. Department of Energy; Princeton University; the Environmental Protection Agency; University of Pennsylvania; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; the International Arctic Research Centre; the Pasteur Institute in Paris; the Belgian Weather Institute; Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute; the University of Helsinki; the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S., France, and Russia; the University of Pretoria; University of Notre Dame; Stockholm University; University of Melbourne; Columbia University; the World Federation of Scientists; and the University of London.
The voices of many of these hundreds of scientists serve as a direct challenge to the often media-hyped “consensus” that the debate is “settled.”
A May 2007 Senate report detailed scientists who had recently converted from believers in man-made global warming to skepticism. [See May 15, 2007 report: Climate Momentum Shifting: Prominent Scientists Reverse Belief in Man-made Global Warming - Now Skeptics: Growing Number of Scientists Convert to Skeptics After Reviewing New Research – (LINK) - In addition, an August 2007 report detailed how proponents of man-made global warming fears enjoy a monumental funding advantage over skeptical scientists. (LINK) ]
This report counters the claims made by the promoters of man-made global warming fears that the number of skeptical scientists is dwindling.
Examples of “consensus” claims made by promoters of man-made climate fears:
Former Vice President Al Gore (November 5, 2007): “There are still people who believe that the Earth is flat.” (LINK) Gore also compared global warming skeptics to people who “believe the moon landing was actually staged in a movie lot in Arizona.” (June 20, 2006 – LINK)
CNN’s Miles O’Brien (July 23, 2007): “The scientific debate is over,” O’Brien said. “We’re done.” O’Brien also declared on CNN on February 9, 2006 that scientific skeptics of man-made catastrophic global warming “are bought and paid for by the fossil fuel industry, usually.” (LINK)
On July 27, 2006, Associated Press reporter Seth Borenstein described a scientist as “one of the few remaining scientists skeptical of the global warming harm caused by industries that burn fossil fuels.” (LINK)
Dr. Rajendra Pachauri, Chairman of the IPCC view on the number of skeptical scientists as quoted on Feb. 20, 2003: “About 300 years ago, a Flat Earth Society was founded by those who did not believe the world was round. That society still exists; it probably has about a dozen members.” (LINK)
Agence France-Press (AFP Press) article (December 4, 2007): The article noted that a prominent skeptic “finds himself increasingly alone in his claim that climate change poses no imminent threat to the planet.”
Andrew Dessler in the eco-publication Grist Magazine (November 21, 2007): “While some people claim there are lots of skeptical climate scientists out there, if you actually try to find one, you keep turning up the same two dozen or so (e.g., Singer, Lindzen, Michaels, Christy, etc., etc.). These skeptics are endlessly recycled by the denial machine, so someone not paying close attention might think there are lots of them out there — but that’s not the case.” (LINK)
The Washington Post asserted on May 23, 2006 that there were only “a handful of skeptics” of man-made climate fears. (LINK)
UN special climate envoy Dr. Gro Harlem Brundtland on May 10, 2007 declared the climate debate “over” and added “it’s completely immoral, even, to question” the UN’s scientific “consensus.” (LINK)
The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change Executive Secretary Yvo de Boer said it was “criminally irresponsible” to ignore the urgency of global warming on November 12, 2007. (LINK)
ABC News Global Warming Reporter Bill Blakemore reported on August 30, 2006: “After extensive searches, ABC News has found no such [scientific] debate” on global warming. (LINK)
# #
Brief highlights of the report featuring over 400 international scientists:
Israel: Dr. Nathan Paldor, Professor of Dynamical Meteorology and Physical Oceanography at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem has authored almost 70 peer-reviewed studies and won several awards. “First, temperature changes, as well as rates of temperature changes (both increase and decrease) of magnitudes similar to that reported by IPCC to have occurred since the Industrial revolution (about 0.8C in 150 years or even 0.4C in the last 35 years) have occurred in Earth’s climatic history. There’s nothing special about the recent rise!”
Russia: Russian scientist Dr. Oleg Sorochtin of the Institute of Oceanology at the Russian Academy of Sciences has authored more than 300 studies, nine books, and a 2006 paper titled “The Evolution and the Prediction of Global Climate Changes on Earth.” “Even if the concentration of ‘greenhouse gases’ double man would not perceive the temperature impact,” Sorochtin wrote. (Note: Name also sometimes translated to spell Sorokhtin)
Spain: Anton Uriarte, a professor of Physical Geography at the University of the Basque Country in Spain and author of a book on the paleoclimate, rejected man-made climate fears in 2007. “There’s no need to be worried. It’s very interesting to study [climate change], but there’s no need to be worried,” Uriate wrote.
Netherlands: Atmospheric scientist Dr. Hendrik Tennekes, a scientific pioneer in the development of numerical weather prediction and former director of research at The Netherlands’ Royal National Meteorological Institute, and an internationally recognized expert in atmospheric boundary layer processes, “I find the Doomsday picture Al Gore is painting – a six-meter sea level rise, fifteen times the IPCC number – entirely without merit,” Tennekes wrote. “I protest vigorously the idea that the climate reacts like a home heating system to a changed setting of the thermostat: just turn the dial, and the desired temperature will soon be reached.”
Brazil: Chief Meteorologist Eugenio Hackbart of the MetSul Meteorologia Weather Center in Sao Leopoldo – Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil declared himself a skeptic. “The media is promoting an unprecedented hyping related to global warming. The media and many scientists are ignoring very important facts that point to a natural variation in the climate system as the cause of the recent global warming,” Hackbart wrote on May 30, 2007.
France: Climatologist Dr. Marcel Leroux, former professor at Université Jean Moulin and director of the Laboratory of Climatology, Risks, and Environment in Lyon, is a climate skeptic. Leroux wrote a 2005 book titled Global Warming – Myth or Reality? – The Erring Ways of Climatology. “Day after day, the same mantra – that ‘the Earth is warming up’ – is churned out in all its forms. As ‘the ice melts’ and ‘sea level rises,’ the Apocalypse looms ever nearer! Without realizing it, or perhaps without wishing to, the average citizen in bamboozled, lobotomized, lulled into mindless acceptance. … Non-believers in the greenhouse scenario are in the position of those long ago who doubted the existence of God … fortunately for them, the Inquisition is no longer with us!”
Norway: Geologist/Geochemist Dr. Tom V. Segalstad, a professor and head of the Geological Museum at the University of Oslo and formerly an expert reviewer with the UN IPCC: “It is a search for a mythical CO2 sink to explain an immeasurable CO2 lifetime to fit a hypothetical CO2 computer model that purports to show that an impossible amount of fossil fuel burning is heating the atmosphere. It is all a fiction.”
Finland: Dr. Boris Winterhalter, retired Senior Marine Researcher of the Geological Survey of Finland and former professor of marine geology at University of Helsinki, criticized the media for what he considered its alarming climate coverage. “The effect of solar winds on cosmic radiation has just recently been established and, furthermore, there seems to be a good correlation between cloudiness and variations in the intensity of cosmic radiation. Here we have a mechanism which is a far better explanation to variations in global climate than the attempts by IPCC to blame it all on anthropogenic input of greenhouse gases.”
Germany: Paleoclimate expert Augusto Mangini of the University of Heidelberg in Germany, criticized the UN IPCC summary. “I consider the part of the IPCC report, which I can really judge as an expert, i.e. the reconstruction of the paleoclimate, wrong,” Mangini noted in an April 5, 2007 article. He added: “The earth will not die.”
Canada: IPCC 2007 Expert Reviewer Madhav Khandekar, a Ph.D meteorologist, a scientist with the Natural Resources Stewardship Project who has over 45 years experience in climatology, meteorology and oceanography, and who has published nearly 100 papers, reports, book reviews and a book on Ocean Wave Analysis and Modeling: “To my dismay, IPCC authors ignored all my comments and suggestions for major changes in the FOD (First Order Draft) and sent me the SOD (Second Order Draft) with essentially the same text as the FOD. None of the authors of the chapter bothered to directly communicate with me (or with other expert reviewers with whom I communicate on a regular basis) on many issues that were raised in my review. This is not an acceptable scientific review process.”
Czech Republic: Czech-born U.S. climatologist Dr. George Kukla, a research scientist with the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University, expressed climate skepticism in 2007. “The only thing to worry about is the damage that can be done by worrying. Why are some scientists worried? Perhaps because they feel that to stop worrying may mean to stop being paid,” Kukla told Gelf Magazine on April 24, 2007.
India: One of India’s leading geologists, B.P. Radhakrishna, President of the Geological Society of India, expressed climate skepticism in 2007. “We appear to be overplaying this global warming issue as global warming is nothing new. It has happened in the past, not once but several times, giving rise to glacial-interglacial cycles.”
USA: Climatologist Robert Durrenberger, past president of the American Association of State Climatologists, and one of the climatologists who gathered at Woods Hole to review the National Climate Program Plan in July, 1979: “Al Gore brought me back to the battle and prompted me to do renewed research in the field of climatology. And because of all the misinformation that Gore and his army have been spreading about climate change I have decided that ‘real’ climatologists should try to help the public understand the nature of the problem.”
Italy: Internationally renowned scientist Dr. Antonio Zichichi, president of the World Federation of Scientists and a retired Professor of Advanced Physics at the University of Bologna in Italy, who has published over 800 scientific papers: “Significant new peer-reviewed research has cast even more doubt on the hypothesis of dangerous human-caused global warming.”
New Zealand: IPCC reviewer and climate researcher and scientist Dr. Vincent Gray, an expert reviewer on every single draft of the IPCC reports going back to 1990 and author of The Greenhouse Delusion: A Critique of “Climate Change 2001: “The [IPCC] ‘Summary for Policymakers’ might get a few readers, but the main purpose of the report is to provide a spurious scientific backup for the absurd claims of the worldwide environmentalist lobby that it has been established scientifically that increases in carbon dioxide are harmful to the climate. It just does not matter that this ain’t so.”
South Africa: Dr. Kelvin Kemm, formerly a scientist at South Africa’s Atomic Energy Corporation who holds degrees in nuclear physics and mathematics: “The global-warming mania continues with more and more hype and less and less thinking. With religious zeal, people look for issues or events to blame on global warming.”
Poland: Physicist Dr. Zbigniew Jaworowski, Chairman of the Central Laboratory for the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Radiological Protection in Warsaw: “We thus find ourselves in the situation that the entire theory of man-made global warming—with its repercussions in science, and its important consequences for politics and the global economy—is based on ice core studies that provided a false picture of the atmospheric CO2 levels.”
Australia: Prize-wining Geologist Dr. Ian Plimer, a professor of Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of Adelaide in Australia: “There is new work emerging even in the last few weeks that shows we can have a very close correlation between the temperatures of the Earth and supernova and solar radiation.”
Britain: Dr. Richard Courtney, a UN IPCC expert reviewer and a UK-based climate and atmospheric science consultant: “To date, no convincing evidence for AGW (anthropogenic global warming) has been discovered. And recent global climate behavior is not consistent with AGW model predictions.”
China: Chinese Scientists Say C02 Impact on Warming May Be ‘Excessively Exaggerated’ – Scientists Lin Zhen-Shan’s and Sun Xian’s 2007 study published in the peer-reviewed journal Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics: “Although the CO2 greenhouse effect on global climate change is unsuspicious, it could have been excessively exaggerated.” Their study asserted that “it is high time to reconsider the trend of global climate change.”
Denmark: Space physicist Dr. Eigil Friis-Christensen is the director of the Danish National Space Centre, a member of the space research advisory committee of the Swedish National Space Board, a member of a NASA working group, and a member of the European Space Agency who has authored or co-authored around 100 peer-reviewed papers and chairs the Institute of Space Physics: “The sun is the source of the energy that causes the motion of the atmosphere and thereby controls weather and climate. Any change in the energy from the sun received at the Earth’s surface will therefore affect climate.”
Belgium: Climate scientist Luc Debontridder of the Belgium Weather Institute’s Royal Meteorological Institute (RMI) co-authored a study in August 2007 which dismissed a decisive role of CO2 in global warming: “CO2 is not the big bogeyman of climate change and global warming. “Not CO2, but water vapor is the most important greenhouse gas. It is responsible for at least 75 % of the greenhouse effect. This is a simple scientific fact, but Al Gore’s movie has hyped CO2 so much that nobody seems to take note of it.”
Sweden: Geologist Dr. Wibjorn Karlen, professor emeritus of the Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology at Stockholm University, critiqued the Associated Press for hyping promoting climate fears in 2007. “Another of these hysterical views of our climate. Newspapers should think about the damage they are doing to many persons, particularly young kids, by spreading the exaggerated views of a human impact on climate.”
USA: Dr. David Wojick is a UN IPCC expert reviewer, who earned his PhD in Philosophy of Science and co-founded the Department of Engineering and Public Policy at Carnegie-Mellon University: “In point of fact, the hypothesis that solar variability and not human activity is warming the oceans goes a long way to explain the puzzling idea that the Earth’s surface may be warming while the atmosphere is not. The GHG (greenhouse gas) hypothesis does not do this.” Wojick added: “The public is not well served by this constant drumbeat of false alarms fed by computer models manipulated by advocates.”
# # #
Background: Only 52 Scientists Participated in UN IPCC Summary
The over 400 skeptical scientists featured in this new report outnumber by nearly eight times the number of scientists who participated in the 2007 UN IPCC Summary for Policymakers. The notion of “hundreds” or “thousands” of UN scientists agreeing to a scientific statement does not hold up to scrutiny. (See report debunking “consensus” LINK) Recent research by Australian climate data analyst John McLean revealed that the IPCC’s peer-review process for the Summary for Policymakers leaves much to be desired. (LINK) & (LINK) (Note: The 52 scientists who participated in the 2007 IPCC Summary for Policymakers had to adhere to the wishes of the UN political leaders and delegates in a process described as more closely resembling a political party’s convention platform battle, not a scientific process - LINK)
Proponents of man-made global warming like to note how the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) and the American Meteorological Society (AMS) have issued statements endorsing the so-called “consensus” view that man is driving global warming. But both the NAS and AMS never allowed member scientists to directly vote on these climate statements. Essentially, only two dozen or so members on the governing boards of these institutions produced the “consensus” statements. This report gives a voice to the rank-and-file scientists who were shut out of the process. (LINK)
The most recent attempt to imply there was an overwhelming scientific “consensus” in favor of man-made global warming fears came in December 2007 during the UN climate conference in Bali. A letter signed by only 215 scientists urged the UN to mandate deep cuts in carbon dioxide emissions by 2050. But absent from the letter were the signatures of these alleged “thousands” of scientists. (See AP article: - LINK )
UN IPCC chairman Rajendra Pachauri urged the world at the December 2007 UN climate conference in Bali, Indonesia to “Please listen to the voice of science.”
The science has continued to grow loud and clear in 2007. In addition to the growing number of scientists expressing skepticism, an abundance of recent peer-reviewed studies have cast considerable doubt about man-made global warming fears. A November 3, 2007 peer-reviewed study found that “solar changes significantly alter climate.” (LINK) A December 2007 peer-reviewed study recalculated and halved the global average surface temperature trend between 1980 – 2002. (LINK) Another new study found the Medieval Warm Period “0.3C warmer than 20th century” (LINK)
A peer-reviewed study by a team of scientists found that “warming is naturally caused and shows no human influence.” (LINK) – Another November 2007 peer-reviewed study in the journal Physical Geography found “Long-term climate change is driven by solar insolation changes.” (LINK ) These recent studies were in addition to the abundance of peer-reviewed studies earlier in 2007. – See “New Peer-Reviewed Scientific Studies Chill Global Warming Fears” (LINK )
With this new report of profiling 400 skeptical scientists, the world can finally hear the voices of the “silent majority” of scientists.
LINKS TO COMPLETE U.S. SENATE REPORT: Over 400 Prominent Scientists Disputed Man-Made Global Warming Claims in 2007
Complete Report: (LINK) - Released December 20, 2007 – U.S. Senate Environment and Public Works Committee (Minority)
Complete Report w/out Intro: (LINK)
# # #
Related Links:
Breakdown Of Key Points Debunking Cilmate Fears
Analysis of how Hollywood Is Promoting Climate Fears to Kids
Analysis of Costly “Solutions” to Global Warming
Over 100 Prominent Scientists Warn UN Against ‘Futile’ Climate Control Efforts
Skeptical Scientists Urge World To ‘Have the Courage to Do Nothing’ At UN Conference
NEW SENATE CAP-AND-TRADE BILL CALLED ALL ‘ECONOMIC PAIN FOR NO CLIMATE GAIN’
Debunking The So-Called ’Consensus’ On Global Warming
Scientists Counter AP Article Promoting Computer Model Climate Fears
New Peer-Reviewed Scientific Studies Chill Global Warming Fears
Newsweek’s Climate Editorial Screed Violates Basic Standards of Journalism
Newsweek Editor Calls Mag’s Global Warming ‘Deniers’ Article ‘Highly Contrived’
Latest Scientific Studies Refute Fears of Greenland Melt
EPA to Probe E-mail Threatening to ‘Destroy’ Career of Climate Skeptic
Prominent Scientists Reverse Belief in Man-made Global Warming – Now Skeptics
Senator Inhofe declares climate momentum shifting away from Gore (The Politico op ed)
Global Warming on Mars & Cosmic Ray Research Are Shattering Media Driven “Consensus’
Global Warming: The Momentum has Shifted to Climate Skeptics
Prominent French Scientist Reverses Belief in Global Warming – Now a Skeptic
Filed under: Forget oil, the new global crisis is food | Tags: Forget oil, is food, the new global crisis
BMO strategist Donald Coxe warns credit crunch and soaring oil prices will pale in comparison to looming catastrophe.
grows in a farm field near Seneca, Illinois. Rising demand for grain to make fuel, food and livestock feed has helped push the prices of corn and soybeans.
A new crisis is emerging, a global food catastrophe that will reach further and be more crippling than anything the world has ever seen. The credit crunch and the reverberations of soaring oil prices around the world will pale in comparison to what is about to transpire, Donald Coxe, global portfolio strategist at BMO Financial Group said at the Empire Club’s 14th annual investment outlook in Toronto on Thursday.
“It’s not a matter of if, but when,” he warned investors. “It’s going to hit this year hard.”
Mr. Coxe said the sharp rise in raw food prices in the past year will intensify in the next few years amid increased demand for meat and dairy products from the growing middle classes of countries such as China and India as well as heavy demand from the biofuels industry.
“The greatest challenge to the world is not US$100 oil; it’s getting enough food so that the new middle class can eat the way our middle class does, and that means we’ve got to expand food output dramatically,” he said.
The impact of tighter food supply is already evident in raw food prices, which have risen 22% in the past year.
Mr. Coxe said in an interview that this surge would begin to show in the prices of consumer foods in the next six months. Consumers already paid 6.5% more for food in the past year.
Wheat prices alone have risen 92% in the past year, and yesterday closed at US$9.45 a bushel on the Chicago Board of Trade.
At the centre of the imminent food catastrophe is corn – the main staple of the ethanol industry. The price of corn has risen about 44% over the past 15 months, closing at US$4.66 a bushel on the CBOT yesterday – its best finish since June 1996.
This not only impacts the price of food products made using grains, but also the price of meat, with feed prices for livestock also increasing.
“You’re going to have real problems in countries that are food short, because we’re already getting embargoes on food exports from countries, who were trying desperately to sell their stuff before, but now they’re embargoing exports,” he said, citing Russia and India as examples.
“Those who have food are going to have a big edge.”
With 54% of the world’s corn supply grown in America’s mid-west, the U.S. is one of those countries with an edge.
But Mr. Coxe warned U.S. corn exports were in danger of seizing up in about three years if the country continues to subsidize ethanol production. Biofuels are expected to eat up about a third of America’s grain harvest in 2007.
The amount of U.S. grain currently stored for following seasons was the lowest on record, relative to consumption, he said.
“You should be there for it fully-hedged by having access to those stocks that benefit from rising food prices.”
He said there are about two dozen stocks in the world that are going to redefine the world’s food supplies, and “those stocks will have a precious value as we move forward.”
Mr. Coxe said crop yields around the world need to increase to something close to what is achieved in the state of Illinois, which produces over 200 corn bushes an acre compared with an average 30 bushes an acre in the rest of the world.
“That will be done with more fertilizer, with genetically modified seeds, and with advanced machinery and technology,” he said.
Filed under: U.S. Government Concedes Vaccines Cause Autism | Tags: U.S. Government Concedes Vaccines Cause Autism
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the federal agency that oversees the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), recently conceded the first vaccine-autism case.
This case was filed in the no-fault National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program as part of the Autism Omnibus proceedings in the U.S. Federal Court of Claims.
It was one of the first three cases chosen that alleged Thimerosal in childhood vaccines significantly contributed to a child developing autism.
Clifford Shoemaker, of Shoemaker and Associates of Vienna, Virginia, is the attorney of record in the Hanna Poling v. Secretary of HHS (case: 02-1466V).
Experts filing on behalf of the petitioner, Hanna Poling, included pediatric neurologist, Dr. Andrew Zimmerman of Johns Hopkins University, and Maryland geneticist and epidemiologist, Dr. Mark Geier of the Genetic Centers of America.
This concession shows the dishonesty of the continual media spin coming from public health officials and others who maintain there is no evidence that Thimerosal, or any other part of any vaccine, has ever caused autism or, for that matter, has harmed anyone in any way.
The facts are that the Vaccine Compensation Act has already compensated over 2,000 individuals who proved that they were harmed by vaccines, resulting in settlements of nearly two billion dollars.
Additionally, hundreds of peer-reviewed scientific/medical articles from some the world’s best universities have long implicated Thimerosal in vaccines as a causal factor in neurodevelopmental disorders including autism.
Furthermore, in 2003, the U.S. House of Representatives’ Government Reform Committee, after a 3.5-year investigation, concluded that Thimerosal caused the autism epidemic and that the FDA and health authorities were guilty of “institutional malfeasance” in covering it up.
Evidence supporting the connection between mercury and autism include:
- Published studies from the US and France showing that urinary porphyrins, a biomarker for body-burden of mercury, are elevated in patients diagnosed with autistic disorders (http://www.mercury-freedrugs.org).
- A published study by researchers at Harvard University that found twice as much mercury and oxidative stress in the brains of those with an autism diagnosis as found in the brains of those who were normal.
- A study from the US showing a significant relationship between increasing blood mercury levels and an increased risk of a diagnosis of an autistic disorder.
- Numerous papers by independent researchers showing a link between increasing mercury exposure from childhood vaccines and the risk of a child developing an autistic disorder.
- Several papers showing that adding low levels of Thimerosal to certain blood, brain, eye, immune, liver and/or muscle cells poisons their cellular mitochondrial pathways and can induce cell death.
Today, despite being banned in Europe and restricted in 7 U.S. states, Thimerosal-containing flu vaccines are still recommended for routine administration to pregnant women and infants, with little or no warning of the presence of this known poison in these and other vaccines.
Vaccines have and will continue to save many lives. However, an immediate ban and recall of vaccines and other drugs containing mercury compounds used in their production must be instituted immediately to stop the epidemic of developmental disorders, including autism, caused by the unsound use of mercury in medicine.
For more information, please visit CoMeD’s website: www.mercury-freedrugs.org
Filed under: 'Big brother' buildings offer less invasive security | Tags: 'Big brother' buildings offer less invasive security
Tracking people’s every move using buildings packed with motion sensors is more effective than CCTV, and less invasive to privacy, say researchers who tried the technique on their own colleagues.
“We want to have a god’s eye view of the entire space,” says Yuri Ivanov of the Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), who led the project with colleague Christopher Wren.
That may sound like the desire of George Orwell’s fictional “Big Brother” in 1984. But the MERL system should actually preserve people’s privacy better than CCTV and make buildings safer and more secure, says Ivanov.
All-seeing eyes
As digital video cameras get cheaper and smaller, CCTV systems are becoming more common. But as well as raising privacy concerns, Ivanov and Wren say, the footage is difficult to search through or interpret quickly.
As an alternative, the two researchers used arrays of small, cheap motion detectors to watch over people instead, with their officemates as guinea pigs. They fitted their 3000 square metre office building with an array of 215 simple detectors placed along the hallways at 2-metre intervals.
The detectors collect much less information than the cameras. “It’s not going to catch you picking your nose. You can only tell that some person went by,” Wren explains, “maybe this is better than living under thousands of cameras.”
But the motion-detector system still collects a lot of information. To find unusual or interesting patterns in the data, the researchers developed software to display movements of people around the building on a map in real time. People show up as a bright spot trailing a tail of lights that slowly fade away (see video, right).
Another view summarises data from sensors across a period of time, for example a week, month or year, in a way that makes it possible to see patterns or anomalies at a glance.
Identity parade
The system also includes a handful of cameras, at selected spots in the building. Footage of passers by can be used to identify people, who can then be tracked around the building using the motion sensor data.
Users can select a certain path on the map – for example from the office drinks machine to the front door – to call up motion and video data from the path at a particular time and reveal who used the route. “A target audience for this was security,” says Ivanov, “but that’s not the only use.”
Data collected during a fire evacuation drill revealed that almost everyone in the building left through one exit; the two other doors nearby went largely unused. Understanding how people use spaces like this could help improve safety, they argue.
Longer-term patterns, like how late people stay at work or where they tend to congregate, have other uses. “It has large implications for energy savings,” Ivanov adds, saying that heating or air-conditioning use could be informed by the data.
Marauder’s map
“I’ve not seen this approach before in journals or at conferences,” says Marimuthu Palaniswami at the University of Melbourne in Australia. “But I have seen it in fiction, for example the Marauder’s map in Harry Potter.”
The technique appears simple and usable, he says. “They have produced a system that could be implemented with little difficulty and would be very useful for security monitoring.”
Daniel Keim of the University of Konstanz in Germany agrees that usability is a big advantage. Most techniques for analysing data from sensor networks depend on automatically detecting certain behaviours specified ahead of time, making spotting unexpected features difficult, he says.
Journal reference: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (DOI: 10.1109/TVCG.2007.70621)
Filed under: Processed Meats Declared Too Dangerous for | Tags: Declared, for, Processed Meats, Too Dangerous
The World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) has just completed a detailed review of more than 7,000 clinical studies covering links between diet and cancer. Its conclusion is rocking the health world with startling bluntness: Processed meats are too dangerous for human consumption. Consumers should stop buying and eating all processed meat products for the rest of their lives.
Processed meats include bacon, sausage, hot dogs, sandwich meat, packaged ham, pepperoni, salami and virtually all red meat used in frozen prepared meals. They are usually manufactured with a carcinogenic ingredient known as sodium nitrite. This is used as a color fixer by meat companies to turn packaged meats a bright red color so they look fresh. Unfortunately, sodium nitrite also results in the formation of cancer-causing nitrosamines in the human body. And this leads to a sharp increase in cancer risk for those who eat them.
A 2005 University of Hawaii study found that processed meats increase the risk of pancreatic cancer by 67 percent. Another study revealed that every 50 grams of processed meat consumed daily increases the risk of colorectal cancer by 50 percent. These are alarming numbers. Note that these cancer risks do not come from eating fresh, non-processed meats. They only appear in people who regularly consume processed meat products containing sodium nitrite.
Sodium nitrite appears predominantly in red meat products (you won’t find it in chicken or fish products). Here’s a short list of food items to check carefully for sodium nitrite and monosodium glutamate (MSG), another dangerous additive:
- Beef jerky
- Bacon
- Sausage
- Hot dogs
- Sandwich meat
- Frozen pizza with meat
- Canned soups with meat
- Frozen meals with meat
- Ravioli and meat pasta foods
- Kid’s meals containing red meat
- Sandwich meat used at popular restaurants
- Nearly all red meats sold at public schools, restaurants, hospitals, hotels and theme parks
- SouRCE
If sodium nitrite is so dangerous to humans, why do the FDA and USDA continue to allow this cancer-causing chemical to be used? The answer, of course, is that food industry interests now dominate the actions by U.S. government regulators. The USDA, for example, tried to ban sodium nitrite in the late 1970’s but was overridden by the meat industry. It insisted the chemical was safe and accused the USDA of trying to “ban bacon.” Today, the corporations that dominate American food and agricultural interests hold tremendous influence over the FDA and USDA. Consumers are offered no real protection from dangerous chemicals intentionally added to foods, medicines and personal care products.
You can protect yourself and your family from the dangers of processed meats by following a few simple rules:
- Always read ingredient labels.
- Don’t buy anything made with sodium nitrite or monosodium glutamate.
- Don’t eat red meats served by restaurants, schools, hospitals, hotels or other institutions.
And finally, eat more fresh produce with every meal. There is evidence that natural vitamin C found in citrus fruits and exotic berries (like camu camu) helps prevent the formation of cancer-causing nitrosamines, protecting you from the devastating health effects of sodium nitrite in processed meats. The best defense, of course, is to avoid eating processed meats altogether.
[Ed. Note: Mike Adams, the Health Ranger - a leading authority on healthy living -- is on a mission: to explore, uncover and share the truth about harmful foods and beverages, prescription drugs, medical practices and the dishonest marketing practices that drive these industries. For his latest findings, click here.]
Filed under: Children herded like cattle into Maryland courthouse fo | Tags: Children herded like cattle into Maryland courthouse fo
(NewsTarget) Following the State of Maryland’s threats against parents who refuse to have their children vaccinated, children were herded into a Price George County courthouse being guarded by armed personnel with attack dogs. Inside, the children were forcibly vaccinated, many against their will, under orders from the State Attorney General, various State Judges and the local School Board Director, all of whom illegally conspired to threaten parents with imprisonment if they did not submit their children to vaccinations.
The State of Maryland has now turned to Gestapo tactics to force its medical will upon the People, stripping parents of any right to decide how they wish to protect their own children from infectious disease. Health authorities there have already announced their intent to essentially kidnap parents and throw them in jail, removing them from their children for up to thirty days if they continue to refuse to have their children vaccinated. This will all be conducted at gunpoint, with armed personnel and attack dogs at the ready, making sure nobody steps out of line, and suppressing any attempt at public dissent against the Orwellian vaccination policies.
The entire campaign against these parents is blatantly illegal. There is no law in Maryland requiring the vaccination of children, thus parents who refuse to do so may not be legally charged with violating any law. Instead, Maryland health and school authorities are using Gestapo-like tactics, threatening to charge the parents with child truancy violations, criminalizing them for daring to protect their children from the dangerous chemicals found in vaccines (including thimerosal, a chemical additive containing a neurotoxic form of mercury).
The desperation of organized medicine is becoming increasingly apparentAs more and more parents are becoming informed about the dangers of vaccinations and their link to autism, state health authorities are increasingly turning to “Gunpoint Medicine” to force the People to submit to the poisons of conventional medicine. Parents who attempt to save their children from deadly chemotherapy chemicals are being arrested and having their children kidnapped by Child Protective Services (see http://www.newstarget.com/Abraham_Cherrix.html ), and oncologists who used to be armed only with radiation machines and chemotherapy injectors and now arming themselves with U.S. Marshals and other local law enforcement authorities who are using loaded firearms to enforce “the will of the State” against parents who resist.
Even the American Association of Physicians and Surgeons (AAPS) announced its strong opposition to the Maryland “Gunpoint Medicine” vaccination campaign. In a press release published Nov. 16, the AAPS states:
The Association of American Physicians and Surgeons today condemned the “vaccine roundup” executed in Prince George’s county Maryland this week, and promised to do everything it can to support parents who refuse to immunize their children.
“This power play obliterates informed consent and parental rights,” said Kathryn Serkes, director of policy for the Association of American Physicians and Surgeons (AAPS), one of the few national physician groups that refuse corporate funding from pharmaceutical companies.
In a scenario reminiscent of cattle round-ups, the state’s attorney has issued summons to more than 1600 parents of children who have not provided certificates of immunization for their children. But instead of toting a cattle prod, this state’s attorney chooses to wield a syringe to keep the “herd” in line.
Read the rest of the press release at: http://www.aapsonline.org/press/nr-11-16-07.php
Gunpoint Medicine: Why drug pushers must now rely on Gestapo tactics
Conventional (pharmaceutical) medicine is the only system of medicine in the world that is so unpopular with informed consumers that it must be administered at the barrel of a gun. There is no other system of medicine anywhere in the world that resorts to such tactics to recruit patients.
At the Nov. 17th event in Maryland, activists Jim Moody and Kelly Ann Davis from SafeMinds (www.SafeMinds.org) were able to get in front of TV news cameras and voice their opposition to the coerced vaccination policy. Yet, amazingly, most parents just lined up like cattle ready to be branded, not bothering to question the sanity or legality of the very system in which they were now agreeing to participate.
A health freedom blog called Center for the Common Interest (www.CommonInterest.info) also covered the event, and it reports that a local activist named Donovan Hubbard videotaped the event and plans to make the video available online. (NewsTarget would like to contact Donovan and / or publicize his video. If you know of a way we can contact him, please call us at (520) 232-9300 to let us know…)
What’s next for Gunpoint Medicine?
As the truth continues to emerge about the extreme dangers of vaccinations and pharmaceuticals, Big Pharma is becoming increasingly desperate to coerce the public into relying on its products. It is now working closely with state authorities (including Governors of several states) to mandate the use of vaccinations on young children. This results in the criminalization of parents who refuse to subject their children to these dangerous chemicals.
In effect, Big Pharma is hoping to turn natural health followers into criminals.
The FDA has already criminalized nutritional supplement companies who dare to tell the truth about the health benefits of their supplements. (Read the true history of armed FDA raids on vitamin companies here: http://www.newstarget.com/021791.html )
Next, parents who refuse to subject their children to the chemical pharmaceuticals proposed by Big Pharma will be criminalized, rounded up and incarcerated for “refusing to comply with public health policy.” This is all being done by the State in the name of “protecting the children” from their own natural health parents. (Insane, isn’t it, to think that protecting your child from toxic chemicals is now a criminal act in the United States?)
The end game of all this is to apply Gunpoint Medicine tactics to everyone: Adults and senior citizens included. Anyone suffering from high cholesterol, for example, who does not submit to Big Pharma’s statin drugs could be arrested, strapped to a table and medicated against their will. People with cancer could be arrested for choosing to treat that cancer with safe and effective botanical medicines instead of patented, high-profit Big Pharma drugs. If you think the prisons are full enough right now from all the arrests for marijuana possession and other victimless crimes, just wait until the State starts arresting all the natural health moms and dads across the country who refuse to participate in the utterly insane and extremely harmful system of medicine that now dominates U.S. health care today.
The State is very clear about medicine: If you want to remain a free citizen, you must submit to the synthetic drugs made by the very same corporations that now control government health regulators. Any person who resists such “treatments” will be branded a threat to public health — a designation just beneath “terrorist” in the eyes of many government bureaucrats. As such, they believe there is no limit to the level of force they may use to coerce such people into submitting to Big Pharma’s chemicals. Today, it’s armed guards with attack dogs. Tomorrow, it might be water boarding or other torture methods. Think that’s impossible? Think again: Just five years ago, nobody in their right mind would have thought that parents who did not want to get their children vaccinated would end up in prison, their children kidnapped by state authorities and forced to subject themselves to dangerous chemical injections at gunpoint. Yet that is precisely what is happening right now in the state of Maryland. It happened on Saturday, in fact.
Where is the outrage?
What’s most interesting about this issue of using the threat of imprisonment to force vaccinations upon children is not necessarily who is speaking out against it, but who has chosen to remain silent.
The American Medical Association, for example, has said nothing in opposition to the policy. Neither has the Food and Drug Administration. Where is the outrage from the Maryland Hospital Association? None of these organizations seem to have a problem with Gunpoint Medicine. The idea of rounding up parents and coercing their children into receiving injections of toxic chemicals does not seem to bother these organizations. And why should it? All of these organizations are closely tied to Big Pharma. They’re all in favor of vaccinations for all, it seems, and I have no doubt that some individuals in these organizations (especially the AMA) are strongly in favor of the Gunpoint Medicine coerced vaccination policy being played out in Maryland right now.
Organized medicine believes the People are too stupid to be allowed to make their own health decisions. Bureaucrats and physicians should be the ones making these decisions, we’re told, and any person who disagrees with such decisions should be labeled a criminal, arrested and prosecuted. This is no exaggeration. It is, in fact, a shockingly accurate description of Maryland’s current vaccination policy.
It wasn’t too long ago that Americans would have stood up and rallied against this kind of medical tyranny. The major news networks would have denounced Maryland’s vaccination policy with strong language and harsh accusations. People would have been marching in the streets, demanding their health freedom. But today, it’s a different America. The People are drugged up on pharmaceuticals and dosed on fluoride. They’re too intoxicated to think straight, and they’re frightened into submission by a fear-based government that invokes domestic tyranny at every opportunity to control and manipulate the People into doing whatever it wants.
The “free” America we all once knew is long gone, and it has been replaced with The United States of Corporate America, where police tactics are now used to enforce hazardous public health policies, and the people who run the State no longer think there’s anything wrong with rounding up the population at gunpoint and performing large-scale medical experiments on their children. That’s what modern vaccines are, after all: A grand medical experiment whose effects will only become known after a generation of mass poisoning has come and gone.
It’s common knowledge, he reveals, CIA, Mossad behind terror attacks
By the Staff of American Free Press
Former Italian President Francesco Cossiga, who revealed the existence of Operation Gladio, has told Italy’s oldest and most widely read newspaper that the 9-11 terrorist attacks were run by the CIA and Mossad, and that this was common knowledge among global intelligence agencies. In what translates awkwardly into English, Cossiga told the newspaper Corriere della Sera:
“All the [intelligence services] of America and Europe…know well that the disastrous attack has been planned and realized from the Mossad, with the aid of the Zionist world in order to put under accusation the Arabic countries and in order to induce the western powers to take part … in Iraq [and] Afghanistan.”
Cossiga was elected president of the Italian Senate in July 1983 before winning a landslide election to become president of the country in 1985, and he remained until 1992.
Cossiga’s tendency to be outspoken upset the Italian political establishment, and he was forced to resign after revealing the existence of, and his part in setting up, Operation Gladio. This was a rogue intelligence network under NATO auspices that carried out bombings across Europe in the 1960s, 1970s and ’80s. Gladio’s specialty was to carry out what they termed “false flag” operations—terror attacks that were blamed on their domestic and geopolitical opposition.
In March 2001, Gladio agent Vincenzo Vinciguerra stated, in sworn testimony, “You had to attack civilians, the people, women, children, innocent people, unknown people far removed from any political game. The reason was quite simple: to force … the public to turn to the state to ask for greater security.”
Cossiga first expressed his doubts about 9-11 in 2001, and is quoted by 9-11 researcherWebster Tarpley saying “The mastermind of the attack must have been a sophisticated mind, provided with ample means not only to recruit fanatic kamikazes, but also highly specialized personnel. I add one thing: it could not be accomplished without infiltrations in the radar and
flight security personnel.”
Coming from a widely respected former head of state, Cossiga’s assertion that the 9-11 attacks were an inside job and that this is common knowledge among global intelligence agencies is illuminating. It is one more eye-opening confirmation that has not been mentioned by America’s propaganda machine in print or on TV. Nevertheless, because of his experience and status in the world, Cossiga cannot be discounted as a crackpot.
Filed under: important
For sale: West’s deadly nuclear secrets
A WHISTLEBLOWER has made a series of extraordinary claims about how corrupt government officials allowed Pakistan and other states to steal nuclear weapons secrets.
Sibel Edmonds, a 37-year-old former Turkish language translator for the FBI, listened into hundreds of sensitive intercepted conversations while based at the agency’s Washington field office.
She approached The Sunday Times last month after reading about an Al-Qaeda terrorist who had revealed his role in training some of the 9/11 hijackers while he was in Turkey.
Edmonds described how foreign intelligence agents had enlisted the support of US officials to acquire a network of moles in sensitive military and nuclear institutions.
Among the hours of covert tape recordings, she says she heard evidence that one well-known senior official in the US State Department was being paid by Turkish agents in Washington who were selling the information on to black market buyers, including Pakistan.
The name of the official – who has held a series of top government posts – is known to The Sunday Times. He strongly denies the claims.
However, Edmonds said: “He was aiding foreign operatives against US interests by passing them highly classified information, not only from the State Department but also from the Pentagon, in exchange for money, position and political objectives.”
She claims that the FBI was also gathering evidence against senior Pentagon officials – including household names – who were aiding foreign agents.
“If you made public all the information that the FBI have on this case, you will see very high-level people going through criminal trials,” she said.
Her story shows just how much the West was infiltrated by foreign states seeking nuclear secrets. It illustrates how western government officials turned a blind eye to, or were even helping, countries such as Pakistan acquire bomb technology.
The wider nuclear network has been monitored for many years by a joint Anglo-American intelligence effort. But rather than shut it down, investigations by law enforcement bodies such as the FBI and Britain’s Revenue & Customs have been aborted to preserve diplomatic relations.
Edmonds, a fluent speaker of Turkish and Farsi, was recruited by the FBI in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks. Her previous claims about incompetence inside the FBI have been well documented in America.
She has given evidence to closed sessions of Congress and the 9/11 commission, but many of the key points of her testimony have remained secret. She has now decided to divulge some of that information after becoming disillusioned with the US authorities’ failure to act.
One of Edmonds’s main roles in the FBI was to translate thousands of hours of conversations by Turkish diplomatic and political targets that had been covertly recorded by the agency.
A backlog of tapes had built up, dating back to 1997, which were needed for an FBI investigation into links between the Turks and Pakistani, Israeli and US targets. Before she left the FBI in 2002 she heard evidence that pointed to money laundering, drug imports and attempts to acquire nuclear and conventional weapons technology.
“What I found was damning,” she said. “While the FBI was investigating, several arms of the government were shielding what was going on.”
The Turks and Israelis had planted “moles” in military and academic institutions which handled nuclear technology. Edmonds says there were several transactions of nuclear material every month, with the Pakistanis being among the eventual buyers. “The network appeared to be obtaining information from every nuclear agency in the United States,” she said.
They were helped, she says, by the high-ranking State Department official who provided some of their moles – mainly PhD students – with security clearance to work in sensitive nuclear research facilities. These included the Los Alamos nuclear laboratory in New Mexico, which is responsible for the security of the US nuclear deterrent.
In one conversation Edmonds heard the official arranging to pick up a $15,000 cash bribe. The package was to be dropped off at an agreed location by someone in the Turkish diplomatic community who was working for the network.
The Turks, she says, often acted as a conduit for the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), Pakistan’s spy agency, because they were less likely to attract suspicion. Venues such as the American Turkish Council in Washington were used to drop off the cash, which was picked up by the official.
Edmonds said: “I heard at least three transactions like this over a period of 2½ years. There are almost certainly more.”
The Pakistani operation was led by General Mahmoud Ahmad, then the ISI chief.
Intercepted communications showed Ahmad and his colleagues stationed in Washington were in constant contact with attachés in the Turkish embassy.
Intelligence analysts say that members of the ISI were close to Al-Qaeda before and after 9/11. Indeed, Ahmad was accused of sanctioning a $100,000 wire payment to Mohammed Atta, one of the 9/11 hijackers, immediately before the attacks.
The results of the espionage were almost certainly passed to Abdul Qadeer Khan, the Pakistani nuclear scientist.
Khan was close to Ahmad and the ISI. While running Pakistan’s nuclear programme, he became a millionaire by selling atomic secrets to Libya, Iran and North Korea. He also used a network of companies in America and Britain to obtain components for a nuclear programme.
Khan caused an alert among western intelligence agencies when his aides met Osama Bin Laden. “We were aware of contact between A Q Khan’s people and Al-Qaeda,” a former CIA officer said last week. “There was absolute panic when we initially discovered this, but it kind of panned out in the end.”
It is likely that the nuclear secrets stolen from the United States would have been sold to a number of rogue states by Khan.
Edmonds was later to see the scope of the Pakistani connections when it was revealed that one of her fellow translators at the FBI was the daughter of a Pakistani embassy official who worked for Ahmad. The translator was given top secret clearance despite protests from FBI investigators.
Edmonds says packages containing nuclear secrets were delivered by Turkish operatives, using their cover as members of the diplomatic and military community, to contacts at the Pakistani embassy in Washington.
Following 9/11, a number of the foreign operatives were taken in for questioning by the FBI on suspicion that they knew about or somehow aided the attacks.
Edmonds said the State Department official once again proved useful. “A primary target would call the official and point to names on the list and say, ‘We need to get them out of the US because we can’t afford for them to spill the beans’,” she said. “The official said that he would ‘take care of it’.”
The four suspects on the list were released from interrogation and extradited.
Edmonds also claims that a number of senior officials in the Pentagon had helped Israeli and Turkish agents.
“The people provided lists of potential moles from Pentagon-related institutions who had access to databases concerning this information,” she said.
“The handlers, who were part of the diplomatic community, would then try to recruit those people to become moles for the network. The lists contained all their ‘hooking points’, which could be financial or sexual pressure points, their exact job in the Pentagon and what stuff they had access to.”
One of the Pentagon figures under investigation was Lawrence Franklin, a former Pentagon analyst, who was jailed in 2006 for passing US defence information to lobbyists and sharing classified information with an Israeli diplomat.
“He was one of the top people providing information and packages during 2000 and 2001,” she said.
Once acquired, the nuclear secrets could have gone anywhere. The FBI monitored Turkish diplomats who were selling copies of the information to the highest bidder.
Edmonds said: “Certain greedy Turkish operators would make copies of the material and look around for buyers. They had agents who would find potential buyers.”
In summer 2000, Edmonds says the FBI monitored one of the agents as he met two Saudi Arabian businessmen in Detroit to sell nuclear information that had been stolen from an air force base in Alabama. She overheard the agent saying: “We have a package and we’re going to sell it for $250,000.”
Edmonds’s employment with the FBI lasted for just six months. In March 2002 she was dismissed after accusing a colleague of covering up illicit activity involving Turkish nationals.
She has always claimed that she was victimised for being outspoken and was vindicated by an Office of the Inspector General review of her case three years later. It found that one of the contributory reasons for her sacking was that she had made valid complaints.
The US attorney-general has imposed a state secrets privilege order on her, which prevents her revealing more details of the FBI’s methods and current investigations.
Her allegations were heard in a closed session of Congress, but no action has been taken and she continues to campaign for a public hearing.
She was able to discuss the case with The Sunday Times because, by the end of January 2002, the justice department had shut down the programme.
The senior official in the State Department no longer works there. Last week he denied all of Edmonds’s allegations: “If you are calling me to say somebody said that I took money, that’s outrageous . . . I do not have anything to say about such stupid ridiculous things as this.”
In researching this article, The Sunday Times has talked to two FBI officers (one serving, one former) and two former CIA sources who worked on nuclear proliferation. While none was aware of specific allegations against officials she names, they did provide overlapping corroboration of Edmonds’s story.
One of the CIA sources confirmed that the Turks had acquired nuclear secrets from the United States and shared the information with Pakistan and Israel. “We have no indication that Turkey has its own nuclear ambitions. But the Turks are traders. To my knowledge they became big players in the late 1990s,” the source said.
How Pakistan got the bomb, then sold it to the highest bidders
1965 Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Pakistan’s foreign minister, says: “If India builds the bomb we will eat grass . . . but we will get one of our own”
1974 Nuclear programme becomes increased priority as India tests a nuclear device
1976 Abdul Qadeer Khan, a scientist, steals secrets from Dutch uranium plant. Made head of his nation’s nuclear programme by Bhutto, now prime minister
1976 onwards Clandestine network established to obtain materials and technology for uranium enrichment from the West
1985 Pakistan produces weapons-grade uranium for the first time
1989-91 Khan’s network sells Iran nuclear weapons information and technology
1991-97 Khan sells weapons technology to North Korea and Libya
1998 India tests nuclear bomb and Pakistan follows with a series of nuclear tests. Khan says: “I never had any doubts I was building a bomb. We had to do it”
2001 CIA chief George Tenet gathers officials for crisis summit on the proliferation of nuclear technology from Pakistan to other countries
2001 Weeks before 9/11, Khan’s aides meet Osama Bin Laden to discuss an Al-Qaeda nuclear device
2001 After 9/11 proliferation crisis becomes secondary as Pakistan is seen as important ally in war on terror
2003 Libya abandons nuclear weapons programme and admits acquiring components through Pakistani nuclear scientists
2004 Khan placed under house arrest and confesses to supplying Iran, Libya and North Korea with weapons technology. He is pardoned by President Pervez Musharraf
2006 North Korea tests a nuclear bomb
2007 Renewed fears that bomb may fall into hands of Islamic extremists as killing of Benazir Bhutto throws country into turmoil







AT&T has announced that it will be 